Challanges and Opportunities in Sustainable Ethanol Production
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2026v15i2.8633Palabras clave:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, endogenous fermentation, stress factors, cell viabilityResumen
Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a central role in bioethanol production due to its high efficiency in converting fermentable sugars into ethanol. During the industrial fermentation process, large amounts of yeast biomass are generated, and part of this surplus can be reused through endogenous fermentation, contributing to greater sustainability and resource efficiency in ethanol production systems. This study describes the characteristics of selected industrial and bakery strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, explores the concept and applicability of endogenous fermentation in sustainable ethanol production, and evaluates the effects of heat stress on yeast performance. Fermentation experiments were conducted using Fleischmann® and Pedra-2 strains cultivated in sugarcane juice under different fermentation conditions. The results indicate that ethanol plants may employ either selected industrial strains or bakery yeasts depending on operational strategies and local availability. Furthermore, the reuse of surplus yeast biomass through endogenous fermentation presents potential economic and environmental advantages by increasing ethanol yield and reducing waste. However, yeast performance can be negatively affected by stress factors, particularly elevated temperatures, which may reduce fermentation efficiency and cellular viability, highlighting the importance of careful monitoring and process control to maintain stable and sustainable bioethanol production.
Citas
Adebami GE, Kuila A, Ajunwa OM, Fasiku SA, & Asemoloye MD, 2022. Genetics and metabolic engineering of yeast strains for efficient ethanol production. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 45(7), e13798.
Amorim HV, 2011. Quanto custa selecionar uma levedura industrial? V Semana de Fermentação Alcoólica “Jayme Rocha de Almeida”, ESALQ/USP.
Attfield PV, 2023. Crucial aspects of metabolism and cell biology relating to industrial production and processing of Saccharomyces biomass. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 43(6), 920-937.
Auesukaree C, 2017. Molecular mechanisms of the yeast adaptive response and tolerance to stresses encountered during ethanol fermentation. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 124(2), 133-142.
Batistote M, & Santos MDSM, 2020. Analysis of fermentative parameters and the importance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the development of goods and services. Research, Society and Development, 9(11), e93691110586.
Batistote M, Cardoso CAL, Ramos DD, & Ernandes JR, 2010. Desempenho de leveduras obtidas em indústria de Mato Grosso do Sul na produção de etanol em mosto a base de cana de açúcar. Ciência e Natura, 83-95.
Bernstein H, & Bernstein C, 2019. Sexual Processes in Microbial Eukaryotes. In Parasitology and Microbiology Research. IntechOpen. Available in https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/68651. Access at March 13, 2024.
Betlej G, Bator E, Oklejewicz B, Potocki L, Górka A, Slowik-Borowiec M, Czarny W, Domka W, & Kwiatkowska A, 2020. Long-term adaption to high osmotic stress as a tool for improving enological characteristics in industrial wine yeast. Genes, 11(5), 576.
Bouix M, Ghorbal S, Picque D, Perret B, & Saulou‐Bérion C, 2022. A rapid method for the assessment of the vitality of microorganisms using flow cytometry. Cytometry Part A, 101(7), 577-587.
Caspeta L, & Nielsen J, 2015. Thermotolerant yeast strains adapted by laboratory evolution show trade-off at ancestral temperatures and preadaptation to other stresses. MBio, 6(4), 10-1128.
Cavelius P, Engelhart-Straub S, Mehlmer N, Lercher J, Awad D, & Brück T, 2023. The potential of biofuels from first to fourth generation. PLoS Biology, 21(3), p.e3002063.
Coertjens NC, do Socorro Mascarenhas M, Silva RF, & Batistote M, 2022. Panorama da produção de etanol e efeito do estresse térmico em Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Open Science Research V, 5(1), 1247-1258.
Coertjens NC, do Socorro Mascarenhas M, Silva RF, & Batistote M, 2023. Evaluation of stress factors in the metabolism of Pedra-2 yeast. Scientific Electronic Archives, 16(3).
Cursi DE, Hoffmann HP, Barbosa GVS, Bressiani JA, Gazaffi R, Chapola RG, Fernandes Junior AR, Balsalobre TWA, Diniz CA, Santos JM, & Carneiro MS, 2022. History and current status of sugarcane breeding, germplasm development and molecular genetics in Brazil. Sugar Tech, 24(1), 112-133.
Das PK, Sahoo A, & Veeranki VD, 2023. Engineered yeasts for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. In Advances in Yeast Biotechnology for Biofuels and Sustainability (pp. 47-72). Elsevier.
Do Socorro Mascarenhas M, Mueller LP, Batistote M, & Cardoso CAL, 2022. Damage to deoxyribonucleic acid-DNA and its influence on ethanol production in industrial lines of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in relation to fermentative cycles. Revista de Biologia Neotropical/Journal of Neotropical Biology, 19(2), 69-77.
Elbakush AE, & Güven D, 2021. Evaluation of ethanol tolerance in relation to intracellular storage compounds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using FT-IR spectroscopy. Process Biochemistry, 101, 266-273.
Eleutherio E, Panek A, De Mesquita JF, Trevisol E, & Magalhães R, 2015. Revisiting yeast trehalose metabolism. Current genetics, 61, 263-274.
Favaro L, Jansen T, & van Zyl WH, 2019. Exploring industrial and natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for the bio-based economy from biomass: the case of bioethanol. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 39(6), 800-816.
Fermentec. Leveduras Selecionadas, 2024. Available in https://fermentec.com.br/etanol/#leveduras-personalizadasAccess at March 13, 2024.
Gangoiti J, Corwin SF, Lamothe LM, Vafiadi C, Hamaker BR, & Dijkhuizen L, 2020. Synthesis of novel α-glucans with potential health benefits through controlled glucose release in the human gastrointestinal tract. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60(1), 123-146.
García M, Greetham D, Wimalasena TT, Phister TG, Cabellos JM, & Arroyo T, 2016. The phenotypic characterization of yeast strains to stresses inherent to wine fermentation in warm climates. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 121(1), 215-233.
Huang J, Khan MT, Perecin D, Coelho ST, & Zhang M, 2020. Sugarcane for bioethanol production: Potential of bagasse in Chinese perspective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 133, 110296.
Lairón-Peris M, Routledge SJ, Linney JA, Alonso-del-Real J, Spickett CM, Pitt AR, Guillamón JM, Barrio E, Goddard AD, & Querol A, 2021. Lipid composition analysis reveals mechanisms of ethanol tolerance in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 87(12), e00440-21.
Lee SS, Robinson FM, & Wang HY, 1981, January. Rapid determination of yeast viability. In Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp.;(United States) (Vol. 11, No. CONF-810554-). Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
LFN – Latino Americana Biotecnologia Aplicada, 2024. Available in https://www.lnf.com.br/acucar-e-etanol.html. Access at March 12, 2024.
Lin NX, Xu Y, Yu XW, 2022. Overview of yeast environmental stress response pathways and the development of tolerant yeasts. Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing, 1-14.
MENDES, S.G., 2014. O processo de fermentação endógena. Fundação Educacional do Município de Assis-FEMA-Assis.
Moreira CS, Santos MD, Barros NS, Cardoso CA, Batistote M, 2015 Evaluation of morphological and physiological parameters of industrial yeast strains with potential biotechnological for the production of ethanol. Ciência e Natura, 1;37(3):55.
Naghshbandi MP, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Gupta VK, Sulaiman A, Karimi K, Moghimi H, & Maleki M, 2019. Progress toward improving ethanol production through decreased glycerol generation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by metabolic and genetic engineering approaches. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 115, 109353.
Nasiri AH, Towhidi A, Shakeri M, Zhandi M, Dehghan-Banadaky M, Pooyan HR, Sehati F, Rostami F, Karamzadeh A, Khani M, & Ahmadi F, 2019. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on milk production, insulin sensitivity and immune response in transition dairy cows during hot season. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 251, 112-123.
O PRESENTE RURAL - Leveduras secas podem ser reaproveitadas em produtos voltados à nutrição animal: Descarte incorreto das leveduras pode poluir o meio ambiente 2019. Available in https://opresenterural.com.br/leveduras-secas-podem-ser-reaproveitadas-em-produtos-voltados-a-nutricao-animal/. Access at March 12, 2024.
Olsson L, Rugbjerg P, Pianale LT, & Trivellin C, 2022. Robustness: linking strain design to viable bioprocesses. Trends in Biotechnology, 40(8), 918-931.
Parapouli M, Vasileiadis A, Afendra AS, & Hatziloukas E, 2020. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its industrial applications. AIMS microbiology, 6(1), 1.
Rachwał K, Waśko A, Gustaw K, & Polak-Berecka M, 2020. Utilization of brewery wastes in food industry. PeerJ 8: e9427.
Ribeiro RA, Bourbon-Melo N, & Sá-Correia I, 2022. The cell wall and the response and tolerance to stresses of biotechnological relevance in yeasts. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 953479.
Salas-Navarrete PC, Rosas-Santiago P, Suárez-Rodríguez R, Martínez A, & Caspeta L, 2023. Adaptive responses of yeast strains tolerant to acidic pH, acetate, and supraoptimal temperature. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 107(12), 4051-4068.
Santos MDSM, Cardoso CAL, Silva EM, & Batistote M, 2018. Potential of saccharine substrates for ethanol production. Orbital: The Electronic Journal of Chemistry, 14-21.
Sharma E, Shruti PS, Singh S, Singh T, Kaur P, Jodha B, Srivastava Y, Munshi A, & Singh S, 2023. Trehalose and its diverse biological potential. Current Protein and Peptide Science, 24(6), 503-517.
Shenbagamuthuraman V, Patel A, Khanna S, Banerjee E, Parekh S, Karthick C, Ashok B, Velvizhi G, Nanthagopal K, & Ong HC, 2022. State of art of valorising of diverse potential feedstocks for the production of alcohols and ethers: Current changes and perspectives. Chemosphere, 286, 131587.
Vandenberghe LPS, Valladares-Diestra KK, Bittencourt GA, Torres LZ, Vieira S, Karp SG, Sydney EB, De Carvalho JC, Soccol VT, & Soccol CR, 2022. Beyond sugar and ethanol: The future of sugarcane biorefineries in Brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 167, 112721.
Vickram S, Manikandan S, Deena SR, Mundike J, Subbaiya R, Karmegam N, Jones S, Yadav KK, Woong Chang S, Ravindran B, & Awasthi MK, 2023. Advanced biofuel production, policy and technological implementation of nano-additives for sustainable environmental management – A critical review. Bioresource Technology, 387, 129660.
Walker GM, & Basso TO, 2020. Mitigating stress in industrial yeasts. Fungal Biology, 124(5), 387-397.
Zhou N, Semumu T, & Gamero A, 2021. Non-conventional yeasts as alternatives in modern baking for improved performance and aroma enhancement. Fermentation, 7(3), 102.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Vanessa Correia Mota Tobias, Maria do Socorro Mascarenhas, Margareth Batistote
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Esta revista oferece acesso livre imediato ao seu conteúdo, seguindo o princípio de que disponibilizar gratuitamente o conhecimento científico ao público proporciona maior democratização mundial do conhecimento.
A partir da publicação realizada na revista os autores possuem copyright e direitos de publicação de seus artigos sem restrições.
A Revista Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science segue os preceitos legais da licença Creative Commons - Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
