Variación estacional del plomo en el agua y en los sedimentos del lago Iripixí: un estudio sobre fuentes de contaminación e impactos ambientales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2025v14i2.p74-89Palabras clave:
metales tóxicos, Estacionalidad, lagos amazónicos, interpolación ponderada por la inversa de la distancia, contaminación de sedimentosResumen
El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las concentraciones de plomo en el agua y en los sedimentos en diferentes períodos estacionales en el Lago Iripixí, destacando la influencia significativa de actividades antropogénicas y factores naturales. Se recogieron muestras en 24 puntos en áreas urbanas, periurbanas y rurales del lago, siguiendo metodologías recomendadas por la ANA, y se analizaron usando ICP-OES. Se empleó el método de Interpolación por Ponderación de la Distancia Inversa (IDW) para estimar valores en lugares no muestreados basándose en observaciones cercanas, dando mayor peso a los puntos más próximos. Los resultados indicaron que mayores concentraciones de plomo se encontraron en el agua durante la estación lluviosa, con tendencias similares observadas en sedimentos, particularmente cerca de áreas urbanas y en la entrada del lago, sugiriendo impactos directos de actividades humanas y potenciales contribuciones del Río Trombetas. En contraste, las concentraciones de plomo en los sedimentos no excedieron los límites, indicando que la contaminación del agua no siempre está correlacionada con los niveles de sedimentos debido a la movilidad temporal o condiciones químicas. Para mitigar estos impactos, son esenciales estrategias efectivas de gestión y remediación, basadas en evaluaciones ambientales exhaustivas usando herramientas como IDW. Entender esta dinámica es crucial para proteger los ecosistemas acuáticos y orientar prácticas sostenibles de gestión de recursos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Joseph Simões Ribeiro, Rônison Santos da Cruz, Paulo Sergio Taube, Kelson do Carmo Freitas Faial, Ruy Bessa Lopes
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