A Supranational Law Perspective on the Right to a Healthy Environment in Southeast Asia: The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2025v14i4.8315Palavras-chave:
AATHP, ASEAN, environmental governance, supranational law, transboundary haze pollution, southeast AsiaResumo
O presente estudo visa avaliar a eficácia do Acordo da ASEAN sobre Poluição por Fumaça Transfronteiriça (AATHP) na mitigação da fumaça regional e identificar os principais fatores que condicionam o seu sucesso operacional e as suas limitações. Utilizou-se uma análise documental qualitativa de documentos oficiais da ASEAN, relatórios governamentais e literatura académica para examinar a transposição dos mandatos legais do AATHP em resultados práticos. Os principais resultados indicam que, embora o AATHP forneça um quadro normativo abrangente e tenha impulsionado estratégias adaptativas, o seu impacto tangível na redução consistente da fumaça enfrenta desafios profundos. Os impedimentos identificados incluem atrasos históricos na ratificação por parte de Estados-membros chave, fragilidades na aplicação, a nível nacional, das leis anti-queimadas, a ausência de mecanismos sancionatórios robustos no Acordo, e a dificuldade persistente em abordar as complexas causas socioeconómicas subjacentes aos incêndios. O estudo conclui que, embora o AATHP seja um instrumento indispensável para a cooperação regional, alcançar uma ASEAN livre de fumaça continua a depender de uma implementação e aplicação nacional reforçada, de um compromisso genuíno para enfrentar as causas subjacentes e, potencialmente, de uma recalibração das dinâmicas de cooperação regional para fomentar uma proteção ambiental mais assertiva.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Iván Vargas Chaves, José Rafael Quessep-Feria, Berónica Narváez-Mercado, Jorge Armando Valdelamar-Montes
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