Tecnologias digitais aplicadas à horticultura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2025v14i4.8337Palabras clave:
Tecnologías emergentes, Inclusión rural, Sostenibilidad agrícolaResumen
El presente estudio discurre sobre las perspectivas en el escenario actual de las grandes tecnologías digitales en la agricultura moderna, observando sus contribuciones a la productividad, la sostenibilidad y la seguridad alimentaria. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Scielo, examinando artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2025 relacionados con IoT, drones, sensores, big data e IA, con énfasis en las aplicaciones orientadas a la agricultura familiar. Los temas abordados en la revisión incluyen IoT, drones, sensores, big data e IA. Las principales tecnologías mencionadas son drones para el monitoreo de plagas y enfermedades, sensores para maximizar el uso del agua en el riego, riego automatizado basado en IoT, análisis climáticos para predicciones y “growth chambers” como la hidroponía. Los beneficios observados incluyen una reducción de hasta el 30% por hectárea en el desperdicio de agua, un uso más eficiente de insumos, un aumento en la calidad y trazabilidad del producto y la expansión de la industria hacia el mercado exterior. Sin embargo, los desafíos para los pequeños productores siguen siendo los costos, la falta de conocimiento, la infraestructura limitada en zonas rurales, las barreras cívicas y burocráticas, y la ausencia de políticas públicas. De cara al futuro, se proponen soluciones de código abierto y bajo costo, cooperativas de agricultores y enfoques sostenibles. La conclusión identificada es la digitalización del sector hortícola, que promueve la inclusión social, reduce la desigualdad y fortalece las necesidades de capacitación y resiliencia.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Djair Alves da Mata, Teonis Batista da Silva, Romildo Araújo Macena, Flaviano Moura Pereira, Fernanda de Sousa Veloso, Cícero Henrique Sá, Isabele Rodrigues de Oliveira, Geiziane de Fátima da Silva
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