Caracterização da Composição Química dos Sedimentos e a Presença de Coliformes Termotolerantes em Diferentes Sub-Bacias Hidrográficas do Rio Grande
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2025v14i2.p315-329Palabras clave:
nascente, sedimento, metais tóxicos, uso e ocupação do soloResumen
A água e os sedimentos em nascentes são influenciados por fatores naturais e antrópicos. Em áreas rurais, a atividade agropecuária exerce influência na dinâmica e estrutura dos ecossistemas de nascentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar diferenças na composição química dos sedimentos e na presença de coliformes termotolerantes na água de 15 nascentes da região da Serrinha, localizadas em paisagem rural de cinco sub-bacias do Rio Grande, no Cerrado Mineiro. Foram analisadas concentrações de metais e nutrientes, além da estimativa da densidade de coliformes termotolerantes, a fim de correlacionar esses parâmetros com o uso e ocupação da terra. Os elementos chumbo, cromo, níquel e manganês não foram detectados nas amostras, dentro dos limites do equipamento utilizado. A análise de componentes principais (ACP) indicou que a sub-bacia 3 apresentou maiores concentrações de cálcio, enquanto a sub-bacia 6 se destacou pelo teor elevado de fósforo, alumínio e magnésio. A sub-bacia 2 apresentou altos níveis de potássio e ferro, enquanto as sub-bacias 1 e 4 mostraram as maiores concentrações de cobre e coliformes termotolerantes, possivelmente associadas à presença de áreas de pastagem próximas. Os valores de coliformes nestas sub-bacias sugerem influência direta da atividade pecuária, reforçando a necessidade de práticas de manejo que impeçam o contato de dejetos animais com a água das nascentes. Os resultados indicam que a dinâmica dos elementos químicos nos sedimentos está diretamente relacionada ao uso da terra na região. Esses achados reforçam a importância da preservação adequada da vegetação ciliar e do controle da poluição difusa para garantir a qualidade dos recursos hídricos.
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