Environment-Disaster-Conflict Trinomial: a Study of the Concepts of Resilience for Peacebuilding in the Anthropocene
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2023v12i1.p22-39Keywords:
peacebuilding, national resilience, community resilience, community mobilization, complexity, AnthropoceneAbstract
Anthropocene has been considered a geological period of high risk due to the indiscriminate use of natural resources and the lifestyle taken by the world population, to the detriment of ecosystem conservation. The problem requires a transdisciplinary scientific approach due to its complexity. As a contribution to studies in the anthropocene, this article aims to add resilience to the peacebuilding and show its potential in the integrated response of the different systems or levels of analysis. This approach can find a favorable echo in the study on the levels of complexity of resilience, to mobilize and succeed in situations of disasters-conflicts. At the end, we discuss some aspects for Integrative modeling, which works as lens through which the levels at which risk and vulnerability factors can be addressed. This lens supports a holistic understanding of the individual, community or nation factors that can provide a more relevant and integrative perspective on resilience for peacebuilding in a disaster context.
References
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Castleden M, McKee M, Murray V, Leonardi G 2011. Resilience thinking in health protection. Journal of Public Health, 33: 369–377. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdr027.
Chandler D 2014. Resilience: The Governance of Complexity. London: Routledge.
Chandler D, Reid J 2016. The Neoliberal Subject: Resilience, Adaptation and Vulnerability. London and New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
Chemtob C 2005. Finding the Gift in the Horror: Toward Developing a National Psychosocial Security Policy. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 10: 721-727. doi:1300/J146v10n03_05.
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Clemens WC 2001. Complexity theory as a tool for understanding and coping with ethnic conflict and development issues in post-Soviet Eurasia. International Journal of Peace Studies 6: 1–16.
Cohen O, Goldberg A, Lahad M, Aharonson-Daniel L 2017. Building resilience: The relationship between information provided by municipal authorities during emergency situations and community resilience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 121: 119-125. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.11.008.
Cohen O, Leykin D, Lahad M, Goldberg A, and Aharonson-Daniel, L. 2013. The conjoint community resilience assessment measure as a baseline for profiling and predicting community resilience for emergencies. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang 80: 1732–1741. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2012.12.009.
Cutter S, Barnes L, Berry M, Burton C, Evans E, Tate E, Webb J 2008. A Place-Based Model for Understanding Community Resilience to Natural Disasters. Global Environmental Change 18: 598-606. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.07.013.
Dalby S. 2014. Environmental Geopolitics in the Twenty First Century. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 39 (1): 34-43.
De Coning C 2016. From peace building to sustaining peace: Implications of complexity for resilience and sustainability. Resilience 4: 166-181. doi: 10.1080/21693293.2016.1153773.
De Coning C 2018. Adaptive Peace building. International Affairs 94 (2): 301–317. doi:10.1093/ia/ iix251.
DFCI 2019. Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests (ICNF). Portugal. National Forest Defense Awareness Plan (DFCI 2019).
Dworkin SL, Treves-Kagan S, Lippman SA 2013. Gender-Transformative Interventions to Reduce HIV Risks and Violence with Heterosexually-Active Men: A Review of the Global Evidence. AIDS and Behavior 17: 2845–63. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0565-2.
Elran M 2006. Israel's National Resilience: The Influence of the Second Intifada on Israel Society.TelAviv University: Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies.
Fletcher D, Sarkar M 2013. Psychological Resilience: A Review and Critique of Definitions, Concepts and Theory. European Psychologist 18: 12-23. doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000124.
Folke C, Carpenter SR, Walker B, Scheffer M, Chapin T,Rockström J 2010. Resilience thinking: integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society 15(4): 20.
Gaffney O, Steffen W 2017. The Anthropocene equation. The Anthropocene Review;4(1):53-61. doi:10.1177/2053019616688022
Galtung J 1976. Three Approaches to Peace: Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, and Peacebuildng. In Peace, War and Defense: Essays in Peace Research, 2, edited by Johan Galtung, 297-298. Copenhagen: Christian Ejlers.
Haldrup SV, Rosén F 2013. Developing Resilience: A Retreat from Grand Planning. Resilience: International Policies, Practices and Discourses 1 (2): 130–145. doi:10.1080/21693293.2013.804659.
Holling C S 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4:1-24. doi: 10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245.
Holling CS, Gunderson LH 2002. Resilience and adaptive cycles. In Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems, edited by Gunderson LH and Holling CS, 25-62. Washington, D.C., USA: Island Press.
Howard-Grabmanm L, Snetro G 2003. How to Mobilize Communities for Health and Social Change. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Independent Technical Commission [Warrior J, Fonseca C, Willow A, Fernandes P, Lopez Iglésias E, by Neufville, Mateus F, Castellnou Ribau M, Sande Silva J, Moura JM, Castro Rego F, Boiler DN (Eds)] 2018. Assessment of the fires that occurred between 14 and 16 October 2017 in mainland Portugal. Final report, Assembly of the Republic: Lisbon.
Jan CY 2013. Strategy of disaster reduction in Taiwan: decision-making, community, collaborative accountability, and information. Fudan Public Admin. Rev. 10 (2013): 76-79.
Joseph J 2016. Governing through failure and denial: The New Resilience Agenda. Millennium – Journal of International Studies 44 (3): 370–390. doi:10.1177/0305829816638166.
Juncos AE, Joseph J 2020. Resilient Peace: Exploring the Theory and Practice of Resilience in Peacebuilding Interventions. Journal of Intervention and State building 14: 289-302. doi: 10.1080/17502977.2020.1745445.
Kaufman MR, Cornish F, Zimmerman RS, Johnson BT 2014. Health behavior change models for HIV prevention and AIDS care: practical recommendations for a multi-level approach. J. Acquir Immune Defic. Syndr 66: 250-258. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000236.
Kemer T, Pereira AE, Blanco R 2016. A construção da paz em um mundo em transformação:o debate e a crítica sobre o conceito de peacebuilding. Rev. Sociol. Polit. [online]. 24, 60: 137-150. doi: 10.1590/1678-987316246006.
Keys PW et al. 2019. Anthropocene risk. Nature Sustainability; 2 (8): 667-673.
Kimhi S 2014. Levels of resilience: Associations among individual, community and national resilience. Journal of Health Psychology, accepted for publication. Journal of Health Psychology 21(2): 164-70. doi: 10.1177/1359105314524009.
Kimhi S, Eshel Y 2009. Individual and Public Resilience and Coping with Long Term Outcomes of War. Journal of Applied Behavioral Research 14: 70-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9861.2009.00041.x.
Kimhi S, Goroshit M, Eshel Y 2013. Demographic variables as antecedents of Israeli community and national resilience. Journal of Community Psychology 41: 631-643. doi: 10.1002/jcop.21600.
Kimhi S, Hantman S, Goroshit M, Eshel Y, Zysberg L 2012. Elderly people coping with the aftermath of war: Resilience vs. vulnerability. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 20: 391–401. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e31821106b3.
Klein JT 2015. Reprint of discourses of transdisciplinarity: Looking back to the future. Futures 63: 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2015.01.003.
La Guardia G 2009. Developing Who I Am: A Self-Determination Theory Approach to the Establishment of Healthy Identities. Educational Psychologist 44: 90– 104. doi:10.1080/00461520902832350.
Leykin D, Lahad M, Cohen O, Goldberg A, Aharonson-Daniel L 2013. Conjoint community resiliency assessment measure-28/10 items (CCRAM28 and CCRAM10): a self-report tool for assessing community resilience. American Journal of Community Psychology 52(3-4): 313-323. doi: 10.1007/s10464-013-9596-0.
Lippman SA, Neilands TB, Leslie HH, Maman S, Mac Phail C, Twine R, Pettifor A 2016. Development, validation, and performance of a scale to measure community mobilization. Social Science and Medicine 157: 127-137. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.002.
Longstaff P, Yang S 2008. Communication Management and Trust: Their Role in Building Resilience to 'Surprises' Such Natural Disasters, Pandemic Flu, and Terrorism. Ecology and Society 13 (1): 3. doi:10.5751/ES-02232-130103.
Mayer M 2012. ‘Chaotic Climate Change and Security’ International Political Sociology; 6(2): 165-185.
Menkhaus K 2013. Making Sense of Resilience in Peacebuilding Contexts: Approaches, Applications, Implications. Geneva Peacebuilding Platform Paper No. 6, Geneva: The graduate Institute.
Mitleton-Kelly E 2003. Ten principles of complexity and enabling infrastructures. In Complex systems and evolutionary perspectives of organisations: The application of complexity theory to organizations, edited by Mitleton-Kelly, 23-50. London: London Shool of Economics.
Motyl J 2010. The social construction of social construction: implications for theories of nationalism and identity formation. Nationalities Papers 38: 59– 71. doi:10.1080/00905990903394508.
Neta O 2010. Israeli identity formation and the Arab-Israeli conflict in election platforms, 1969-2006. Journal of Peace Research 4: 193-204. doi:10.1177/0022343309353497.
Nicolescu B 2002. Manifesto of Transdisciplinarity. State University of New York Press: New York, United States of America.
Norris FH, Stevens SP, Pfefferbaum B, Wyche KF, Pfefferbaum RL 2008. Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American Journal of Community Psychology 41:127-150. doi: 10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6.
Obrist B, Pfeiffer C, Henley R 2010. Multi-layered social resilience: A new approach in mitigation research. Progress in Development Studies 10: 283-293. doi:10.1177/146499340901000402.
Oldfield F et al. 2013. The Anthropocene review: its significance, implications and the rationale for a new transdisciplinary journal. The Anthropocene Review , v. 1, n. 1: 3-7. doi: 10.1177/2053019613500445.
Oldfield F, Barnosky A, Dearing J, Fischer-Kowalski M, Mcneill J, Steffen WZ 2013. The Anthropocene Review: Its significance, implications and the rationale for a new transdisciplinary journal. The Anthropocene Review; 1: 3-7. 10.1177/2053019613500445.
Olsson EK, Edling E, Stern E 2015. Crisis communication and community resilience: exploring symbolic religious provocations and meaningful exchange. In Strategies for Supporting Community Resilience: Multinational Experiences, edited by Robert Bach, 263-288. Stockholm: Försvarshögskolan (FHS).
Overy RJ 2001. Interrogations: Inside the Minds of the Nazi Elite. England: Penguin Books.
Paris R 2004. At War’s End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Parmak M 2015. National Resilience in Multinational Societies. In Resiliency: Enhancing coping with crisis and terrorism. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series, E: Human and Societal Dynamics (119). IOS Press, Amsterdam: The Netherlands.
Ramalingam B, Jones H 2008. Exploring the science of complexity: Ideas and implications for development and humanitarian efforts (Working Paper No. 285). London: Overseas Development Institute.
Ross H, Cuthill M, Maclean K, Jansen D, Witt B 2010. Understanding, Enhancing and Managing for Social Resilience at the Regional Scale: Opportunities in North Queensland. Report to the Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility. Reef and Rainforest Research Center: Caims.
Shaw R, Ishiwatari M, Arnold M 2012. Nonstructural Measures Community based Disaster Risk Management - Knowledge note 2-1 cluster 2. Kyoto University: World Bank.
Sonn CC, Fisher AT 1998. Sense of community: Community resilient responses to oppression and change. Journal of Community Psychology 26: 457–472. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199809)26:5<457::AID-JCOP5>3.0.CO;2-O.
Toivanen T et al. 2017. The many Anthropocenes: A transdisciplinary challenge for the Anthropocene research. The Anthropocene Review, 4.3: 183-198.
Ulmer RR, Sellnow TL, Seeger MW 2013. Effective Crisis Communication: Moving From Crisis to Opportunity. Sage Publications.
Uscher-Pines L, Chandra A, Acosta J, Kellermann A 2012. Citizen Preparedness for Disasters: Are Current Assumptions Valid? Disaster medicine and public health preparedness 6: 170-3. doi: 10.1001/dmp.2012.23.
Van Metre L, Calder J 2016. Peace building and Resilience: How Society Responds to Violence. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
Weinrib AZ, Rothrock NE, Johnsen EL, Lutgendorf SK 2006. The assessment and validity of stress-related growth in a community-based sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74: 851-858. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.851.
Aitsi-Selmi A, Egawa S, Sasaki H 2015. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: Renewing the Global Commitment to People's Resilience, Health, and Well-being. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 6: 164. doi: 10.1007/s13753-015-0050-9.
Andrade Júnior H 2020. Autoethnography (military, environment) as transdisciplinarization in anthropocene times. Cultural Studies↔Critical Methodologies: 1-13. doi:10.1177%2F1532708620912803
Antonovsky A 1979. Health, Stress and Coping. San Francisco: Jossey-bass.
Beiser M, Wiwa O, Adebajo S 2010. Human-initiated disaster, social disorganization and post-traumatic stress disorder above Nigeria's oil basins. Soc. Sci. Med. 71: 221–227. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.039.
Boin A, Comfort LK, Demchak CC 2010. The rise of resilience. In Designing resilience: Preparing for extreme events, edited by L Comfort, A Boin, C Demchak, 1–12. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Bonanno GA 2005. Resilience in the Face of Potential Trauma. Current Directions in Psychological Science 14: 135–138. doi: 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00347.x.
Bonelli L, Felletti S, Paglieri F 2016. From argumentative crisis to critical arguments: how to argue in the face of danger. In Fusion Methodologies in Crisis Management, edited by G.Rogova: Spr, P. Scott, 365–387. New York: Springer.
Brand FS, Jax K 2007. Focusing the Meaning(s) of Resilience: Resilience as a Descriptive Concept and a Boundary Object. Ecology & Society 12 (1): 1-16. doi:10.5751/es-02029-120123.
Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC, Norman GJ, Berntson GG 2011. Social isolation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1231: 17–22. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06028.x.
Castleden M, McKee M, Murray V, Leonardi G 2011. Resilience thinking in health protection. Journal of Public Health, 33: 369–377. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdr027.
Chandler D 2014. Resilience: The Governance of Complexity. London: Routledge.
Chandler D, Reid J 2016. The Neoliberal Subject: Resilience, Adaptation and Vulnerability. London and New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
Chemtob C 2005. Finding the Gift in the Horror: Toward Developing a National Psychosocial Security Policy. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 10: 721-727. doi:1300/J146v10n03_05.
Cilliers P 2002. Why we can not know complex things completely. Emergence 4: 77–84. doi: 10.1080/15213250.2002.9687736.
Clemens WC 2001. Complexity theory as a tool for understanding and coping with ethnic conflict and development issues in post-Soviet Eurasia. International Journal of Peace Studies 6: 1–16.
Cohen O, Goldberg A, Lahad M, Aharonson-Daniel L 2017. Building resilience: The relationship between information provided by municipal authorities during emergency situations and community resilience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 121: 119-125. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.11.008.
Cohen O, Leykin D, Lahad M, Goldberg A, and Aharonson-Daniel, L. 2013. The conjoint community resilience assessment measure as a baseline for profiling and predicting community resilience for emergencies. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang 80: 1732–1741. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2012.12.009.
Cutter S, Barnes L, Berry M, Burton C, Evans E, Tate E, Webb J 2008. A Place-Based Model for Understanding Community Resilience to Natural Disasters. Global Environmental Change 18: 598-606. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.07.013.
Dalby S. 2014. Environmental Geopolitics in the Twenty First Century. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 39 (1): 34-43.
De Coning C 2016. From peace building to sustaining peace: Implications of complexity for resilience and sustainability. Resilience 4: 166-181. doi: 10.1080/21693293.2016.1153773.
De Coning C 2018. Adaptive Peace building. International Affairs 94 (2): 301–317. doi:10.1093/ia/ iix251.
DFCI 2019. Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests (ICNF). Portugal. National Forest Defense Awareness Plan (DFCI 2019).
Dworkin SL, Treves-Kagan S, Lippman SA 2013. Gender-Transformative Interventions to Reduce HIV Risks and Violence with Heterosexually-Active Men: A Review of the Global Evidence. AIDS and Behavior 17: 2845–63. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0565-2.
Elran M 2006. Israel's National Resilience: The Influence of the Second Intifada on Israel Society.TelAviv University: Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies.
Fletcher D, Sarkar M 2013. Psychological Resilience: A Review and Critique of Definitions, Concepts and Theory. European Psychologist 18: 12-23. doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000124.
Folke C, Carpenter SR, Walker B, Scheffer M, Chapin T,Rockström J 2010. Resilience thinking: integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society 15(4): 20.
Gaffney O, Steffen W 2017. The Anthropocene equation. The Anthropocene Review;4(1):53-61. doi:10.1177/2053019616688022
Galtung J 1976. Three Approaches to Peace: Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, and Peacebuildng. In Peace, War and Defense: Essays in Peace Research, 2, edited by Johan Galtung, 297-298. Copenhagen: Christian Ejlers.
Haldrup SV, Rosén F 2013. Developing Resilience: A Retreat from Grand Planning. Resilience: International Policies, Practices and Discourses 1 (2): 130–145. doi:10.1080/21693293.2013.804659.
Holling C S 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4:1-24. doi: 10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245.
Holling CS, Gunderson LH 2002. Resilience and adaptive cycles. In Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems, edited by Gunderson LH and Holling CS, 25-62. Washington, D.C., USA: Island Press.
Howard-Grabmanm L, Snetro G 2003. How to Mobilize Communities for Health and Social Change. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Independent Technical Commission [Warrior J, Fonseca C, Willow A, Fernandes P, Lopez Iglésias E, by Neufville, Mateus F, Castellnou Ribau M, Sande Silva J, Moura JM, Castro Rego F, Boiler DN (Eds)] 2018. Assessment of the fires that occurred between 14 and 16 October 2017 in mainland Portugal. Final report, Assembly of the Republic: Lisbon.
Jan CY 2013. Strategy of disaster reduction in Taiwan: decision-making, community, collaborative accountability, and information. Fudan Public Admin. Rev. 10 (2013): 76-79.
Joseph J 2016. Governing through failure and denial: The New Resilience Agenda. Millennium – Journal of International Studies 44 (3): 370–390. doi:10.1177/0305829816638166.
Juncos AE, Joseph J 2020. Resilient Peace: Exploring the Theory and Practice of Resilience in Peacebuilding Interventions. Journal of Intervention and State building 14: 289-302. doi: 10.1080/17502977.2020.1745445.
Kaufman MR, Cornish F, Zimmerman RS, Johnson BT 2014. Health behavior change models for HIV prevention and AIDS care: practical recommendations for a multi-level approach. J. Acquir Immune Defic. Syndr 66: 250-258. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000236.
Kemer T, Pereira AE, Blanco R 2016. A construção da paz em um mundo em transformação:o debate e a crítica sobre o conceito de peacebuilding. Rev. Sociol. Polit. [online]. 24, 60: 137-150. doi: 10.1590/1678-987316246006.
Keys PW et al. 2019. Anthropocene risk. Nature Sustainability; 2 (8): 667-673.
Kimhi S 2014. Levels of resilience: Associations among individual, community and national resilience. Journal of Health Psychology, accepted for publication. Journal of Health Psychology 21(2): 164-70. doi: 10.1177/1359105314524009.
Kimhi S, Eshel Y 2009. Individual and Public Resilience and Coping with Long Term Outcomes of War. Journal of Applied Behavioral Research 14: 70-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9861.2009.00041.x.
Kimhi S, Goroshit M, Eshel Y 2013. Demographic variables as antecedents of Israeli community and national resilience. Journal of Community Psychology 41: 631-643. doi: 10.1002/jcop.21600.
Kimhi S, Hantman S, Goroshit M, Eshel Y, Zysberg L 2012. Elderly people coping with the aftermath of war: Resilience vs. vulnerability. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 20: 391–401. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e31821106b3.
Klein JT 2015. Reprint of discourses of transdisciplinarity: Looking back to the future. Futures 63: 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2015.01.003.
La Guardia G 2009. Developing Who I Am: A Self-Determination Theory Approach to the Establishment of Healthy Identities. Educational Psychologist 44: 90– 104. doi:10.1080/00461520902832350.
Leykin D, Lahad M, Cohen O, Goldberg A, Aharonson-Daniel L 2013. Conjoint community resiliency assessment measure-28/10 items (CCRAM28 and CCRAM10): a self-report tool for assessing community resilience. American Journal of Community Psychology 52(3-4): 313-323. doi: 10.1007/s10464-013-9596-0.
Lippman SA, Neilands TB, Leslie HH, Maman S, Mac Phail C, Twine R, Pettifor A 2016. Development, validation, and performance of a scale to measure community mobilization. Social Science and Medicine 157: 127-137. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.002.
Longstaff P, Yang S 2008. Communication Management and Trust: Their Role in Building Resilience to 'Surprises' Such Natural Disasters, Pandemic Flu, and Terrorism. Ecology and Society 13 (1): 3. doi:10.5751/ES-02232-130103.
Mayer M 2012. ‘Chaotic Climate Change and Security’ International Political Sociology; 6(2): 165-185.
Menkhaus K 2013. Making Sense of Resilience in Peacebuilding Contexts: Approaches, Applications, Implications. Geneva Peacebuilding Platform Paper No. 6, Geneva: The graduate Institute.
Mitleton-Kelly E 2003. Ten principles of complexity and enabling infrastructures. In Complex systems and evolutionary perspectives of organisations: The application of complexity theory to organizations, edited by Mitleton-Kelly, 23-50. London: London Shool of Economics.
Motyl J 2010. The social construction of social construction: implications for theories of nationalism and identity formation. Nationalities Papers 38: 59– 71. doi:10.1080/00905990903394508.
Neta O 2010. Israeli identity formation and the Arab-Israeli conflict in election platforms, 1969-2006. Journal of Peace Research 4: 193-204. doi:10.1177/0022343309353497.
Nicolescu B 2002. Manifesto of Transdisciplinarity. State University of New York Press: New York, United States of America.
Norris FH, Stevens SP, Pfefferbaum B, Wyche KF, Pfefferbaum RL 2008. Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American Journal of Community Psychology 41:127-150. doi: 10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6.
Obrist B, Pfeiffer C, Henley R 2010. Multi-layered social resilience: A new approach in mitigation research. Progress in Development Studies 10: 283-293. doi:10.1177/146499340901000402.
Oldfield F et al. 2013. The Anthropocene review: its significance, implications and the rationale for a new transdisciplinary journal. The Anthropocene Review , v. 1, n. 1: 3-7. doi: 10.1177/2053019613500445.
Oldfield F, Barnosky A, Dearing J, Fischer-Kowalski M, Mcneill J, Steffen WZ 2013. The Anthropocene Review: Its significance, implications and the rationale for a new transdisciplinary journal. The Anthropocene Review; 1: 3-7. 10.1177/2053019613500445.
Olsson EK, Edling E, Stern E 2015. Crisis communication and community resilience: exploring symbolic religious provocations and meaningful exchange. In Strategies for Supporting Community Resilience: Multinational Experiences, edited by Robert Bach, 263-288. Stockholm: Försvarshögskolan (FHS).
Overy RJ 2001. Interrogations: Inside the Minds of the Nazi Elite. England: Penguin Books.
Paris R 2004. At War’s End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Parmak M 2015. National Resilience in Multinational Societies. In Resiliency: Enhancing coping with crisis and terrorism. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series, E: Human and Societal Dynamics (119). IOS Press, Amsterdam: The Netherlands.
Ramalingam B, Jones H 2008. Exploring the science of complexity: Ideas and implications for development and humanitarian efforts (Working Paper No. 285). London: Overseas Development Institute.
Ross H, Cuthill M, Maclean K, Jansen D, Witt B 2010. Understanding, Enhancing and Managing for Social Resilience at the Regional Scale: Opportunities in North Queensland. Report to the Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility. Reef and Rainforest Research Center: Caims.
Shaw R, Ishiwatari M, Arnold M 2012. Nonstructural Measures Community based Disaster Risk Management - Knowledge note 2-1 cluster 2. Kyoto University: World Bank.
Sonn CC, Fisher AT 1998. Sense of community: Community resilient responses to oppression and change. Journal of Community Psychology 26: 457–472. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199809)26:5<457::AID-JCOP5>3.0.CO;2-O.
Toivanen T et al. 2017. The many Anthropocenes: A transdisciplinary challenge for the Anthropocene research. The Anthropocene Review, 4.3: 183-198.
Ulmer RR, Sellnow TL, Seeger MW 2013. Effective Crisis Communication: Moving From Crisis to Opportunity. Sage Publications.
Uscher-Pines L, Chandra A, Acosta J, Kellermann A 2012. Citizen Preparedness for Disasters: Are Current Assumptions Valid? Disaster medicine and public health preparedness 6: 170-3. doi: 10.1001/dmp.2012.23.
Van Metre L, Calder J 2016. Peace building and Resilience: How Society Responds to Violence. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
Weinrib AZ, Rothrock NE, Johnsen EL, Lutgendorf SK 2006. The assessment and validity of stress-related growth in a community-based sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74: 851-858. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.851.
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2023-04-28
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JÚNIOR, Hermes de Andrade; ROSINHA, Antonio Palma. Environment-Disaster-Conflict Trinomial: a Study of the Concepts of Resilience for Peacebuilding in the Anthropocene. Fronteiras - Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 1, p. 22–39, 2023. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2023v12i1.p22-39. Disponível em: https://revistas.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/5937. Acesso em: 22 dec. 2024.
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