O Barômetro da Sustentabilidade em uma Perspectiva Espaço-Temporal: uma Análise por Biomas, RS, Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2021v10i2.p132-152Keywords:
Atlantic Forest Biome, Pampa Biome, Environmental Wellbeing Index, Human Wellbeing Index, Moran IndexAbstract
The planning and management of biodiversity conservation are constant challenges, and the assessment of sustainability is a relevant tool for these processes. This study aims to analyze sustainability in the municipalities that integrate the biomes of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which are the Atlantic Forest biome and the Pampa biome, through the application of a Sustainability Barometer model. The proposed model was applied in two time periods, in the year 2000 and in the year 2016, using land use and land cover, pollution, socioeconomic and human health indicators, which have an impact on sustainable development. Spatial distribution and analysis of the degree of sustainability was used, through the Global Moran Index, to determine whether there is a significant spatial correlation with the existence of clusters. The results indicate that the two biomes were considered to have an intermediate degree of sustainability, in the two periods analyzed, and there was no considerable evolution in the degree of sustainability in 16 years. The environmental well-being index was categorized as an intermediary, and the human well-being index was considered higher, with a potentially sustainable degree, in the Atlantic Forest biome. It was possible to measure the degree of sustainability of each variable, in order to understand which ones exert the most negative pressure on sustainable development, as well as which municipalities have the lowest performance. In the Pampa biome, there was a decrease of 14.1% of the municipalities with a potentially sustainable degree to the intermediate degree of sustainability, between periods. The spatial distribution of the degree of sustainability indicates a trend of clusters and a positive and significant correlation (p = 0.001), in biomes, both in 2000 and in 2016, indicating that the classification of sustainability is not random.
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