Vulnerabilidade Ambiental ao Derramamento de Óleo em Santarém (PA)

Abstract

Oil spills can affect the natural and anthropic environment. The aim of the present work is the mapping of the environmental vulnerability to oil spills derived from fluvial, commercial and tourist transports. The study area is located on the border of Santarém – PA, Brazil, at the confluence of Amazonas and Tapajós rivers. To do so, thematic maps of land use/occupation and vegetation cover, slope, soil, geology, and flood were used as a base. They were rasterized and later reclassified with the ArcMap 10.3 software in hierarchical categories according to classes of vulnerability for each variable mapped, using values from "1" (less vulnerable) to "5" (more vulnerable), adapted from the established methodology. Based on the analysis of the environmental vulnerability map, it was possible to observe in the study area that very high and high vulnerability occurs at the extreme east, central region and near the mouth of the Irurá stream. Such an area is an urban area where floods occur. The predominance of the medium vulnerability classes in the region, corresponding to 45% of the studied area, is due mainly to the interaction of the land-use class with the lithological unit of sediments referring to Alluvial Reservoirs and Alter do Chão Formation. In this class is located the Organized Port of Santarém with intense activities of transport of loads and people.