Between Land and Sea: Mangroves and Mollusks along Brazil’s Mangal Coast
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2016v5i3.p17-38Abstract
Westerners have long viewed mangroves as forbidding, pestilential landscapes. While modern medicine transformed their deadly reputation, the perception lingered of an environment that was little more than a tropical wasteland. The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro profoundly changed this view by drawing attention to the ecosystem as a habitat crucial to the life cycles of many species and endangered fauna yet increasingly at risk from deforestation. Conservation initiatives in the years since the Rio Summit, however, seldom recognize mangroves as a habitat that has also long supported human life. This is evident in the shell middens found along mangrove coasts and in the historical record of shellfish harvested for dietary protein. With a focus on Brazil, this article examines the shellfish that sustained Amerindians, enslaved Africans, and their descendants along the mangal coast since pre-Columbian times. The discussion contends that Brazil’s mangrove forests cannot be separated from the history of the tropical peoples who have successively lived in and managed this ecosystem from ancient times to the present. Finally, the article concludes that a research focus on shellfish suggests broader linkages to South Atlantic history.References
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Ba CO, Bishop J, Deme M, Diadhiou HD, Dieng AB, Diop D, Garzon P.A, Gueye B, Kebe M, Ly OK, Ndiaye V, Ndione CM, Sene A, Thiam D, I. Wade. 2006. Economic Value of Wild Resources in Senegal. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland.
Beasley CR, Fernandes CM, Gomes DP, Brito BA, Lima dos Santos SM, Tagliaro CH 2005. Molluscan Diversity and Abundance among Coastal Habitats of Northern Brazil. Ecotropica 11: 9-20.
Beymer-Farris BA, Bassett TJ 2012. The REDD menace: Resurgent Protectionism in Tanzania’s mangrove forests. Global Environmental Change 22 (2): 332-41.
Beys-da-Silva WO, Santi L, Guimarães JA 2014. Mangroves: A Threatened Ecosystem Under-Utilized as a Resource for Scientific Research. Journal of Sustainable Development 7(5): 40-51. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v7n5p40.
Carney J 2016. ‘The Mangrove Preserves Life’: Habitat of African Survival in the Atlantic World. Geographical Review 107(4): 1-19.
Carney J, Gillespie T, Rosomoff R 2014. Assessing forest change in a priority West African mangrove ecosystem: 1986-2010. Geoforum 53:126-135.
Carney J, Rosomoff R 2009. In the Shadow of Slavery: Africa’s Botanical Legacy in the Atlantic World. The University of California Press, Berkeley.
Cascudo LC 1983. História da Alimentação no Brasil. 2 vols. Editora Itatiaia, São Paulo.
Chmura GL, Anisfeld SC, Cahoon DR, Lynch JC 2003. Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17(4):1111.
Conrad RE 1984. Children of God’s Fire: A Documentary History of Black Slavery in Brazil. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park.
Corcoran E, Ravilious C, Skuja M 2007. Mangroves in Western and Central Africa. UNEP, Cambridge.
Cormier-Salem M-C 1999. L’identité humaine des Rivières du Sud: unité historique et situation d’interface. In M-C Cormier-Salem (ed.) Rivières du Sud: sociétés et mangroves ouest-africaines. 2 vols. IRD, Paris. p. 149-205
Cormier-Salem M-C 2006. Mangrove: Changes and Conflicts in Claimed Ownership, Uses and Purposes. In CT Hoanh, TP Tuong, JW Gowing, B Hardy (eds.). Environment and Livelihoods in Tropical Coastal Zones. UK: CAB International, Wallingford. p. 163-176.
Cormier-Salem M-C, Panfili J 2016. Mangrove reforestation: greening or grabbing coastal zones and deltas? Case studies in Senegal. African Journal of Aquatic Science 41(1): 89-98. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2016.1146122.
Cunha-Ligon M, Coelho jr C, Almeida R, Menghini RP, Schaefer-Novelli Y, Cintrón G, Dahdouh-Guebas F 2011. Characterisation of mangrove forest types in view of conservation and management: a review of mangals at the Cananéia region, São Paulo State, Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research 57: 349-353.
Dean W 1995. With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The University of California Press, Berkeley.
Diele K, Koch V, Saint-Paul U 2005. Population structure, catch composition and CPUE of the artisanally harvested mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Ocypodidae) in the Caeté estuary, North Brazil: Indications for overfishing? Aquatic Living Resources 18: 169-178. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr:2005018.
Duke NC, Meynecke J-O, Dittmann AM, Ellison AM, Aanger K, Berger U, Cannicci S, Diele K, Ewel KC, Field CD, Koedam N, Lee SY, Marchand C; Nordhaus I, Dahdouh-Guebas F 2007. A World without mangroves? Science 317: 41-42.
Fairbridge RW 1976. Shellfish-eating preceramic Indians in coastal Brazil. Science 191: 353-359.
Filho CS, Tagliaro CH, Beasley CR 2008. Seasonal abundance of the shipworm Neoteredo reynei (Bivalvia, Teredinidae) in mangrove driftwood from a northern Brazilian beach. Iheringia, Série Zoologica 98(1). Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212008000100002.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) 2007. The World’s Mangroves, 1980-2005. FAO Forestry Paper 153. FAO, Rome.
Friess DA, Webb EL 2014. Variability in mangrove change estimates and implications for the assessment of ecosystem service provision. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23: 715-725.
Giri C, Ochieng E, Tieszen LL, Zhu Z, Singh A, Loveland T, Masek J, Duke N 2011. Status and Distribution of Mangrove Forests of the World Using Earth Observation Satellite Data. Global Ecology and Biogeography 11: 154-159.
Glaser M 2003. Interrelations between mangrove ecosystem, local economy and social sustainability in Caeté Estuary, Northern Brazil. Wetlands Ecology and Management 11: 265-272.
Godoy MDP de Lacerda LD 2015. Mangroves Response to Climate Change: A Review of Recent Findings on Mangrove Extension and Distribution. Anais da Academia Brsileira de Ciências 87(2). Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520150055.
Hemming J 1984. Indians on the Frontier of Colonial Brazil. In L Bethell (ed.) The Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 11 vols. p. 501-545.
Herz R 1991. Manguezais do Brasil. Instituto Oceanográfo/CIRM, Brasília.
Higham CFW 1989. The Archaeology of Mainland Southeast Asia: From 10,000 B.C. to the Fall of Angkor. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hogarth PJ 2015. The Biology of Mangroves and Seagrasses. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2013. Climate Change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
IPCC 2009. The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Kiemen MC 1948. Indian Policy of Portugal in America, with Special Reference to the Old State of Maranhão, 1500-1755. The Americas 5 (2):131-171.
Lapègue S, Boutet I, Leitão A Heuertebise S, García P, Thiriot-Quiévreux V, Boudry P 2002. Trans-Atlantic distribution of mangrove oyster species revealed by 16S mtDNA and karyological analyses. Biological Bulletin 2002: 232-242.
Lau WWY 2013. Beyond carbon: Conceptualizing payments for ecosystem services in blue forests on carbon and other marine and coastal ecosystem services. Ocean & Coastal Management 83: 5–14. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.03.011.
Lazoski C, Gusmão J, Boudry P, Solé-Cava AM 2011. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Atlantic oyster species: evolutionary history, limited genetic connectivity and isolation by distance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 426: 197-212. Available From: https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09035.
Léo Neto NA, Voeks RA, Dias TLP, Alves RRN 2012. Mollusks of Candomblé: symbolic and ritualistic importance. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 8(10): 1-1-0. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-8-10.
Linares OF 1971. Shell Middens of Lower Casamance and Problems of Diola Protohistory. West African Journal of Archaeology: 22-54.
Lloyd C 1949. The Navy and the Slave Trade: The Suppression of the African Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century. Longmans, Green and Co, New York.
Madox R 1976. An Elizabethan in 1582: The Diary of Richard Madox. Hakluyt Society, London.
Magris RA, Barreto R 2010. Mapping and assessment of protection of mangrove habitats in Brazil. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences 5(4): 546-56.
Marcílio ML 1984. The Population of Colonial Brazil. In L Bethell (ed.) The Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 11 vols. p. 37-63.
Marques-Silva NS, Beasley CR, Gomes CP, Gardunho DCL, Tagliaro CH, Schories D, Mehlig U 2006. Settlement dynamics of the encrusting epibenthic macrofauna in two creeks of the Caeté mangrove estuary (North Brazil). Wetland Ecology Management 14: 67-78.
Miller SW 2003. Stilt-Root Subsistence: Colonial Mangroves and Brazil’s Landless Poor. Hispanic American Historical Review 83(2): 223-253.
Neto EMC 2006. Os moluscos na zooterapia: medicina tradicional e importância clínico-farmacológica. Biotemas 19(3): 71-78.
Niang A 2008. Contribution à l’étude de quelques aspects socioéconomiques pour la réactualisation du plan de gestion du Parc National de Niumi (GAMBIE). Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.
Pedroza-Júnior HS, Soares MG, Melo-Junior M, Barros HM, Soares AP 2002. Aspectos etnobiológicos da pesca e comercialização de moluscos e crustáceos do Canal de Santa Cruz, Itapissuma – PE. Anais, I Congresso Brasileiro de Extensão Universitária. João Pessoa, Brasil.
Pendleton L, Donato DC, Murray BC, Crooks S, Jenkins WA, Sifleet S, Craft C, Fourqurean JW, Kauffman JB, Marbà N, Megonigal P, Pidgeon E; Herr D, Gordon D, Baldera A 2012. Estimating global “blue carbon” emissions from conversion and degradation of vegetated coastal ecosystems. PloS One 7(9)a: e43542. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043542.
Polidoro B, Carpenter KE, Collins L, Duke NC, Ellison AM, Ellison JC, Farnsworth EJ, Fernando ES, Kathiresan K, Koedam NE, Livingstone SR, Miyagi T; Moore GE, Nam VN, Ong JE, Primavera JH; Salmo III SG, Sanciangco JC, Sukardjo SK, Wang Y, Yong JWH 2010. The Loss of Species: Mangrove Extinction Risk and Geographic Areas of Global Concern. PLoS One 5(4): e10095. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010095.
Queiroz L, Rossi S, Meireles J, Coelho C 2013. Shrimp aquaculture in the federal state of Ceará, 1970-2012: Trends after mangrove forest privatization in Brazil. Ocean & Coastal Management 73: 54-62.
Regalla A, Baldé R 2008. Appui à la durabilité des ressources conchylicoles en Guinée-Bissau. Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. IBAP, Bissau.
Rios EC 1994. Seashells of Brazil. 2.ed. Editora da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande.
Schaeffer-Novelli Y, Cintrón-Molero G, Adaima RR 1990. Variability of mangrove ecosystems along the Brazilian coast. Estuaries 13: 204-218.
Schaeffer-Novelli Y, Cintrón-Molero G, Soares MLG, Dee-Rosa T 2000. Brazilian mangroves. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 3 (4): 561-70. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 14634980008650693.
Sousa GS de 1971. Tratado descritivo do Brasil em 1587. 4.ed. Companhia Editora Nacional, São Paulo.
Spalding M 2010. World Atlas of Mangroves. Earthscan, London.
Suguio K, Martin L, Flexor JM 1992. Paleoshorelines and the sambaquis of Brazil. In LL Johnson,M Stright (eds.) Paleoshorelines and Prehistory: An Investigation of Method. CRC Press, London. p. 83-99.
Sullivan Z 2014. Brazil’s shellfishing communities blighted by industrial pollution. The Guardian, 4 March.
Tenório GS, Walfir P, Souza-Filho M, Ramos E, Alves PJ 2015. Mangrove shrimp farm mapping and productivity on the Brazilian Amazon coast: Environmental and economic reasons for coastal conservation. Ocean & Coastal Management 104: 65-77.
UNEP/UNESCO 1992. Impact of Expected Climate Change on Mangroves. UNEP/UNESCO Task Team Report of the first meeting, Rio de Janeiro, 1-3 June.
Valiela I, Bowen J, York JK 2001. Mangrove Forests: One of the World’s Threatened Major Tropical Environments. BioScience 51(10): 807-815.
van Bochove J, Sullivan E, Nakamura T (eds) 2014. The Importance of Mangroves to People: A Call to Action. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK, 29 September.
Vannucci M 1999. Os manguezais e nós: Uma síntese de percepcões. EDUSP, São Paulo.
Varela ES, Beasley CR, Schneider H, Sampaio I, Marques-Silva NS, Tagliario CH 2007. Molecular Phylogeny of Mangrove Oysters (Crassostrea) from Brazil. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73: 229-234.
Wolff M, Koch V, Isaac V 2000. A Tropic Flow Model of the Caeté Mangrove Estuary (North Brazil) with Considerations for the Sustainable Use of its Resource. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 50: 789-803.
Ba CO, Bishop J, Deme M, Diadhiou HD, Dieng AB, Diop D, Garzon P.A, Gueye B, Kebe M, Ly OK, Ndiaye V, Ndione CM, Sene A, Thiam D, I. Wade. 2006. Economic Value of Wild Resources in Senegal. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland.
Beasley CR, Fernandes CM, Gomes DP, Brito BA, Lima dos Santos SM, Tagliaro CH 2005. Molluscan Diversity and Abundance among Coastal Habitats of Northern Brazil. Ecotropica 11: 9-20.
Beymer-Farris BA, Bassett TJ 2012. The REDD menace: Resurgent Protectionism in Tanzania’s mangrove forests. Global Environmental Change 22 (2): 332-41.
Beys-da-Silva WO, Santi L, Guimarães JA 2014. Mangroves: A Threatened Ecosystem Under-Utilized as a Resource for Scientific Research. Journal of Sustainable Development 7(5): 40-51. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v7n5p40.
Carney J 2016. ‘The Mangrove Preserves Life’: Habitat of African Survival in the Atlantic World. Geographical Review 107(4): 1-19.
Carney J, Gillespie T, Rosomoff R 2014. Assessing forest change in a priority West African mangrove ecosystem: 1986-2010. Geoforum 53:126-135.
Carney J, Rosomoff R 2009. In the Shadow of Slavery: Africa’s Botanical Legacy in the Atlantic World. The University of California Press, Berkeley.
Cascudo LC 1983. História da Alimentação no Brasil. 2 vols. Editora Itatiaia, São Paulo.
Chmura GL, Anisfeld SC, Cahoon DR, Lynch JC 2003. Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17(4):1111.
Conrad RE 1984. Children of God’s Fire: A Documentary History of Black Slavery in Brazil. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park.
Corcoran E, Ravilious C, Skuja M 2007. Mangroves in Western and Central Africa. UNEP, Cambridge.
Cormier-Salem M-C 1999. L’identité humaine des Rivières du Sud: unité historique et situation d’interface. In M-C Cormier-Salem (ed.) Rivières du Sud: sociétés et mangroves ouest-africaines. 2 vols. IRD, Paris. p. 149-205
Cormier-Salem M-C 2006. Mangrove: Changes and Conflicts in Claimed Ownership, Uses and Purposes. In CT Hoanh, TP Tuong, JW Gowing, B Hardy (eds.). Environment and Livelihoods in Tropical Coastal Zones. UK: CAB International, Wallingford. p. 163-176.
Cormier-Salem M-C, Panfili J 2016. Mangrove reforestation: greening or grabbing coastal zones and deltas? Case studies in Senegal. African Journal of Aquatic Science 41(1): 89-98. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2016.1146122.
Cunha-Ligon M, Coelho jr C, Almeida R, Menghini RP, Schaefer-Novelli Y, Cintrón G, Dahdouh-Guebas F 2011. Characterisation of mangrove forest types in view of conservation and management: a review of mangals at the Cananéia region, São Paulo State, Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research 57: 349-353.
Dean W 1995. With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The University of California Press, Berkeley.
Diele K, Koch V, Saint-Paul U 2005. Population structure, catch composition and CPUE of the artisanally harvested mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Ocypodidae) in the Caeté estuary, North Brazil: Indications for overfishing? Aquatic Living Resources 18: 169-178. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr:2005018.
Duke NC, Meynecke J-O, Dittmann AM, Ellison AM, Aanger K, Berger U, Cannicci S, Diele K, Ewel KC, Field CD, Koedam N, Lee SY, Marchand C; Nordhaus I, Dahdouh-Guebas F 2007. A World without mangroves? Science 317: 41-42.
Fairbridge RW 1976. Shellfish-eating preceramic Indians in coastal Brazil. Science 191: 353-359.
Filho CS, Tagliaro CH, Beasley CR 2008. Seasonal abundance of the shipworm Neoteredo reynei (Bivalvia, Teredinidae) in mangrove driftwood from a northern Brazilian beach. Iheringia, Série Zoologica 98(1). Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212008000100002.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) 2007. The World’s Mangroves, 1980-2005. FAO Forestry Paper 153. FAO, Rome.
Friess DA, Webb EL 2014. Variability in mangrove change estimates and implications for the assessment of ecosystem service provision. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23: 715-725.
Giri C, Ochieng E, Tieszen LL, Zhu Z, Singh A, Loveland T, Masek J, Duke N 2011. Status and Distribution of Mangrove Forests of the World Using Earth Observation Satellite Data. Global Ecology and Biogeography 11: 154-159.
Glaser M 2003. Interrelations between mangrove ecosystem, local economy and social sustainability in Caeté Estuary, Northern Brazil. Wetlands Ecology and Management 11: 265-272.
Godoy MDP de Lacerda LD 2015. Mangroves Response to Climate Change: A Review of Recent Findings on Mangrove Extension and Distribution. Anais da Academia Brsileira de Ciências 87(2). Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520150055.
Hemming J 1984. Indians on the Frontier of Colonial Brazil. In L Bethell (ed.) The Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 11 vols. p. 501-545.
Herz R 1991. Manguezais do Brasil. Instituto Oceanográfo/CIRM, Brasília.
Higham CFW 1989. The Archaeology of Mainland Southeast Asia: From 10,000 B.C. to the Fall of Angkor. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hogarth PJ 2015. The Biology of Mangroves and Seagrasses. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2013. Climate Change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
IPCC 2009. The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Kiemen MC 1948. Indian Policy of Portugal in America, with Special Reference to the Old State of Maranhão, 1500-1755. The Americas 5 (2):131-171.
Lapègue S, Boutet I, Leitão A Heuertebise S, García P, Thiriot-Quiévreux V, Boudry P 2002. Trans-Atlantic distribution of mangrove oyster species revealed by 16S mtDNA and karyological analyses. Biological Bulletin 2002: 232-242.
Lau WWY 2013. Beyond carbon: Conceptualizing payments for ecosystem services in blue forests on carbon and other marine and coastal ecosystem services. Ocean & Coastal Management 83: 5–14. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.03.011.
Lazoski C, Gusmão J, Boudry P, Solé-Cava AM 2011. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Atlantic oyster species: evolutionary history, limited genetic connectivity and isolation by distance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 426: 197-212. Available From: https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09035.
Léo Neto NA, Voeks RA, Dias TLP, Alves RRN 2012. Mollusks of Candomblé: symbolic and ritualistic importance. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 8(10): 1-1-0. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-8-10.
Linares OF 1971. Shell Middens of Lower Casamance and Problems of Diola Protohistory. West African Journal of Archaeology: 22-54.
Lloyd C 1949. The Navy and the Slave Trade: The Suppression of the African Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century. Longmans, Green and Co, New York.
Madox R 1976. An Elizabethan in 1582: The Diary of Richard Madox. Hakluyt Society, London.
Magris RA, Barreto R 2010. Mapping and assessment of protection of mangrove habitats in Brazil. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences 5(4): 546-56.
Marcílio ML 1984. The Population of Colonial Brazil. In L Bethell (ed.) The Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 11 vols. p. 37-63.
Marques-Silva NS, Beasley CR, Gomes CP, Gardunho DCL, Tagliaro CH, Schories D, Mehlig U 2006. Settlement dynamics of the encrusting epibenthic macrofauna in two creeks of the Caeté mangrove estuary (North Brazil). Wetland Ecology Management 14: 67-78.
Miller SW 2003. Stilt-Root Subsistence: Colonial Mangroves and Brazil’s Landless Poor. Hispanic American Historical Review 83(2): 223-253.
Neto EMC 2006. Os moluscos na zooterapia: medicina tradicional e importância clínico-farmacológica. Biotemas 19(3): 71-78.
Niang A 2008. Contribution à l’étude de quelques aspects socioéconomiques pour la réactualisation du plan de gestion du Parc National de Niumi (GAMBIE). Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.
Pedroza-Júnior HS, Soares MG, Melo-Junior M, Barros HM, Soares AP 2002. Aspectos etnobiológicos da pesca e comercialização de moluscos e crustáceos do Canal de Santa Cruz, Itapissuma – PE. Anais, I Congresso Brasileiro de Extensão Universitária. João Pessoa, Brasil.
Pendleton L, Donato DC, Murray BC, Crooks S, Jenkins WA, Sifleet S, Craft C, Fourqurean JW, Kauffman JB, Marbà N, Megonigal P, Pidgeon E; Herr D, Gordon D, Baldera A 2012. Estimating global “blue carbon” emissions from conversion and degradation of vegetated coastal ecosystems. PloS One 7(9)a: e43542. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043542.
Polidoro B, Carpenter KE, Collins L, Duke NC, Ellison AM, Ellison JC, Farnsworth EJ, Fernando ES, Kathiresan K, Koedam NE, Livingstone SR, Miyagi T; Moore GE, Nam VN, Ong JE, Primavera JH; Salmo III SG, Sanciangco JC, Sukardjo SK, Wang Y, Yong JWH 2010. The Loss of Species: Mangrove Extinction Risk and Geographic Areas of Global Concern. PLoS One 5(4): e10095. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010095.
Queiroz L, Rossi S, Meireles J, Coelho C 2013. Shrimp aquaculture in the federal state of Ceará, 1970-2012: Trends after mangrove forest privatization in Brazil. Ocean & Coastal Management 73: 54-62.
Regalla A, Baldé R 2008. Appui à la durabilité des ressources conchylicoles en Guinée-Bissau. Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. IBAP, Bissau.
Rios EC 1994. Seashells of Brazil. 2.ed. Editora da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande.
Schaeffer-Novelli Y, Cintrón-Molero G, Adaima RR 1990. Variability of mangrove ecosystems along the Brazilian coast. Estuaries 13: 204-218.
Schaeffer-Novelli Y, Cintrón-Molero G, Soares MLG, Dee-Rosa T 2000. Brazilian mangroves. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 3 (4): 561-70. Available From: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 14634980008650693.
Sousa GS de 1971. Tratado descritivo do Brasil em 1587. 4.ed. Companhia Editora Nacional, São Paulo.
Spalding M 2010. World Atlas of Mangroves. Earthscan, London.
Suguio K, Martin L, Flexor JM 1992. Paleoshorelines and the sambaquis of Brazil. In LL Johnson,M Stright (eds.) Paleoshorelines and Prehistory: An Investigation of Method. CRC Press, London. p. 83-99.
Sullivan Z 2014. Brazil’s shellfishing communities blighted by industrial pollution. The Guardian, 4 March.
Tenório GS, Walfir P, Souza-Filho M, Ramos E, Alves PJ 2015. Mangrove shrimp farm mapping and productivity on the Brazilian Amazon coast: Environmental and economic reasons for coastal conservation. Ocean & Coastal Management 104: 65-77.
UNEP/UNESCO 1992. Impact of Expected Climate Change on Mangroves. UNEP/UNESCO Task Team Report of the first meeting, Rio de Janeiro, 1-3 June.
Valiela I, Bowen J, York JK 2001. Mangrove Forests: One of the World’s Threatened Major Tropical Environments. BioScience 51(10): 807-815.
van Bochove J, Sullivan E, Nakamura T (eds) 2014. The Importance of Mangroves to People: A Call to Action. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK, 29 September.
Vannucci M 1999. Os manguezais e nós: Uma síntese de percepcões. EDUSP, São Paulo.
Varela ES, Beasley CR, Schneider H, Sampaio I, Marques-Silva NS, Tagliario CH 2007. Molecular Phylogeny of Mangrove Oysters (Crassostrea) from Brazil. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73: 229-234.
Wolff M, Koch V, Isaac V 2000. A Tropic Flow Model of the Caeté Mangrove Estuary (North Brazil) with Considerations for the Sustainable Use of its Resource. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 50: 789-803.
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2016-12-20
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CARNEY, Judith A. Between Land and Sea: Mangroves and Mollusks along Brazil’s Mangal Coast. Fronteiras - Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 3, p. 17–38, 2016. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2016v5i3.p17-38. Disponível em: https://revistas.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/2042. Acesso em: 22 dec. 2024.
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Dossier - Use and Conservation of Biodiversity
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