A ESCOLHA PELA MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA ENTRE ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA NO MUNDO TROPICAL: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA CAREER CHOICE FOR FAMILY MEDICINE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN TROPICAL WORLD: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Resumo
Resumo
Introdução: A Medicina de Família é a especialidade essencial para o fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde no mundo. Várias pesquisas evidenciam a escassez deste especialista afim de garantir cobertura universal e sustentável dos sistemas de saúde. Métodos: Revisão de literatura de pesquisas realizadas nas regiões tropicais do mundo nos últimos 10 anos que investigaram fatores influenciadores da escolha pela Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) entre estudantes de medicina. Seguiu-se o Protocolo Internacional com Itens Preferenciais para Relatórios de Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (PRISMA). Os critérios de inclusão foram: pesquisa original (qualitativa ou quantitativa), realizada entre estudantes de medicina, localizada entre os trópicos, inclusão da escolha pela Medicina de Família como categoria de análise. Resultados: Encontrados 10(dez) artigos que apontaram um prestígio da especialidade menor do que nas regiões temperadas, baixa inserção da MFC nos currículos médicos nas regiões tropicais. Verificamos ainda uma limitação para a realizarmos uma análise comparada, diante da baixa produção científica, a falta de métodos validados e replicados e da confusão de termos entre médicos generalistas (Recém-Formados) e especialistas em MFC. Considerações finais: A agenda de pesquisa que busque compreender os fatores influenciadores da escolha pela MFC entre estudantes de medicina deve ser ampliada, especialmente nos países tropicais. Os currículos médicos devem ser modificados para contemplar mais a MFC como especialidade médica e as políticas públicas precisam valorizar o papel deste profissional nos Sistemas de Saúde destes países.
Palavras-chave:
Atenção primária à saúde. Estudantes de medicina. Escolha de profissão. Medicina de família e comunidade. Zona tropical.
Abstract
Introduction: Family Medicine is the essential speciality for strengthening primary health care in the world. Several surveys show the shortage of this expert in order to ensure universal coverage and sustainable health systems. Methodology: Literature review of researches conducted in the tropical regions of the world in the last 10 years that investigated factors influencing the choice of the Family Medicine (FM) among medical students. This study was designed following the International Protocol with Preferred Items for Systematic Literature Review Reports (PRISMA). Inclusion criteria were: original research (qualitative or quantitative), conducted among medical students, located between the tropics, including the choice of Family Medicine as a category for analysis. Results: Ten (10) researches were found that showed a less prestige of the FM than in temperate regions, low insertion of FM in medical curriculum in the tropics. We also found a limitation to conduct a comparative analysis on the low scientific production, the lack of validated and replicated methods and confusion of terms between generalists (without specialization) and specialized Family Doctors. Final Considerations: The research agenda that seeks to understand the factors influencing the choice for FM among medical students should be expanded, especially in tropical countries. Medical curriculum should be modified to contemplate more the FM as a medical specialty and public policies need to enhance the role of the professional in the health systems of these countries.
Keyword:
Primary health care. Medical students. Career choice. Family practice. Tropical zone.
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